They have a cordate (auricled) base and 3-6 rounded lobes, divided no further than half way to the midrib. The leaves are arranged alternately along the twigs and are broadly oblong or ovate, 10-12 cm long by 7-8 cm wide, with a short (typically 2-3 mm) petiole. The twigs are hairless and the buds are rounded (ovoid), brownish and pointed. ![]() Oaks do not produce suckers but do recover well from pruning or lightning damage. There are often large burrs on the trunk, which typically produce many small shoots. The bark is greyish-brown and closely grooved, with vertical plates. The crown is spreading and unevenly domed, and trees often have massive lower branches. These live longer and become more stout than unpollarded trees. Older trees tend to be pollarded, with boles (the main trunk) 2-3 m long. Quercus robur is a deciduous tree up to 40 m tall, with a single stout trunk that can be as much as 11 m in girth (circumference at breast height) or even 14 m in pollarded specimens. It grows on soils of near neutral acidity in the lowlands and is notable for its value to natural ecosystems, supporting a very wide diversity of herbivorous insects and other pests, predators and pathogens. It is a large tree, native to most of Europe and western Asia, and is widely cultivated in other temperate regions. Quercus robur, the pedunculate oak, is a species of flowering plant in the beech and oak family, Fagaceae. ![]() Quercus pseudotscharakensis Kotschy ex A.DC.Quercus pinnatipartita (Boiss.) O.Schwarz. ![]()
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